In legal terms, what does 'probable cause' refer to?

'Probable cause' refers to a legal standard that requires law enforcement to have a reasonable belief, based on factual evidence, that a crime has been or will be committed. This belief must be more than just a mere suspicion; it is grounded in specific evidence or circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that criminal activity is present.

In practical terms, probable cause is essential for police officers to obtain a warrant for arrest or search, as it ensures that there are sufficient facts to support their belief of a crime, thereby protecting individuals from arbitrary actions by law enforcement. This concept is a foundational element of constitutional law, ensuring that individuals' rights are safeguarded against unreasonable searches and seizures.

While other options may touch on elements of belief or assumptions, they do not encapsulate the necessary connection to evidence that is required to establish probable cause in a legal context.